ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify the relationships between borderline serum liver enzyme abnormalities and the incidence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes mellitus (DM) during a 7-year follow-up of workers, and to evaluate the quantitative level of risks. METHODS: A total of 749 workers in an electronics manufacturing company were divided into the normal fasting blood glucose (n = 633), IFG (n = 98), and DM (n = 18) groups, according to the results of their health checkup in 2006. Among 633 workers in the normal group, excluding 55 workers who were impossible to follow, incidence rate and relative risks of 578 workers to the IFG or DM in 2013 according to the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GTP) were investigated. The liver enzyme levels were categorized as A (normal), B (borderline elevation), and R (definite elevation) following the standard of the National Health Insurance Service of Korea. RESULTS: The incidence rate of IFG or DM based on ALT level was 9.7 % for the A, 30.0 % for B, and 15.4 % for R. According to γ-GTP, the incidence rate was 9.8 % for A, 34.5 % for B, and 25.0 % for R. The relative risk(RR) to the incidence of IFG or DM depending on the level of ALT were 3.09 in B and 1.59 in R compared to A. According to γ-GTP, RR was 3.52 in B and 2.55 in R compared to A. AST level was not related to the incidence of IFG or DM. A multiple logistic regression analysis with the incidence of IFG or DM as a dependent variable resulted in an odds ratio of 2.664(1.214–5.849) for B level ALT, 3.685(1.405–9.667) for B level of γ-GTP even after adjustment for other variables such as age, sex, body mass index, AUDIT score, systolic blood pressure, and triglyceride. CONCLUSIONS: Even borderline elevations of ALT and γ-GTP, but not AST, increased the incidence and risk of IFG or DM after 7 years. Borderline elevation of ALT and γ-GTP was identified as an independent risk factor of IFG or DM.
Subject(s)
Alanine Transaminase , Aspartate Aminotransferases , Blood Glucose , Blood Pressure , Body Mass Index , Diabetes Mellitus , Fasting , Follow-Up Studies , gamma-Glutamyltransferase , Glucose , Incidence , Korea , Liver , Logistic Models , National Health Programs , Odds Ratio , Risk Factors , TriglyceridesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare the changes in the levels of liver enzymes after providing health education to workers. METHODS: Among 909 electronics-manufacturing workers, 96 (10.6%) workers had abnormal liver functions. Of these, male workers were randomly assigned into either the health education experimental group (48 [52.2%]) or the control group (44 [47.8%]). Depending on the level of participation in the health education, workers in the experimental group were classified into the participation (32 [34.8%]) and non-participation groups (16 [17.4%]). Changes in the levels of liver enzymes were compared among three groups. RESULTS: The changes in the levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase (r-GTP) in the participation, non-participation, and control groups were -25.3+/-54.5 IU/L, -4.4+/-24.1 IU/L, and -5.3+/-38.8 IU/L, respectively (p=.036). Aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, waist circumference, body mass index, daily alcohol consumption, weekly exercise, and changes in smoking habits in the 3 groups did not differ significantly. In the multiple linear regression analysis, the variable of education participation revealed a significant regression coefficient of -25.10 when the change in r-GTP levels was the dependent variable. CONCLUSION: A brief health education targeted towards the management of liver disease among workers improved r-GTP levels.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Alanine Transaminase , Alcohol Drinking , Aspartate Aminotransferases , Body Mass Index , Education , gamma-Glutamyltransferase , Health Education , Health Surveys , Linear Models , Liver Diseases , Liver , Smoke , Smoking , Waist CircumferenceABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare the changes in the levels of liver enzymes after providing health education to workers. METHODS: Among 909 electronics-manufacturing workers, 96 (10.6%) workers had abnormal liver functions. Of these, male workers were randomly assigned into either the health education experimental group (48 [52.2%]) or the control group (44 [47.8%]). Depending on the level of participation in the health education, workers in the experimental group were classified into the participation (32 [34.8%]) and non-participation groups (16 [17.4%]). Changes in the levels of liver enzymes were compared among three groups.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Alanine Transaminase , Alcohol Drinking , Aspartate Aminotransferases , Body Mass Index , Education , gamma-Glutamyltransferase , Health Education , Health Surveys , Linear Models , Liver Diseases , Liver , Smoke , Smoking , Waist CircumferenceABSTRACT
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease which may affect different organs and disclose various clinical manifestations. The clinical manifesations of central nervous system involvement in SLE are highly variable and range from mild cognitive dysfunction, movement disorder, headache, psychosis to life-threatening stroke and coma. Among neuropsychiaric disorders encountered in patients with SLE, cerebrovascular disease has relatively been rare complication. We experienced a case of subdural hematoma (SDH) occurring in a SLE patient which presented with headache. She was diagnosed as SDH by neuropsychiatric symptoms, brain CT, and brain MRI, and showed good response to medical treatment.